Oyster mushroom vs shiitake: how to tell them apart

Quick answer

Shiitake has a distinct, tough, fibrous stem, central or off-center, and its gills stop at the stem; oyster mushrooms grow as overlapping shelves with little or no stem, and their gills run down to the point of attachment. Both print white, oysters sometimes faintly lilac-gray.

Side by side

The tell for each

Gray-brown oyster mushrooms growing in overlapping shelves on a tree trunk
Edible
Oyster MushroomPleurotus ostreatus

The tellFan-shaped caps in overlapping shelves on dead hardwood, with white gills running down to a short stub of a stem.

A shiitake with a brown cap cracked into white patches, growing from a fallen log
Edible
ShiitakeLentinula edodes

The tellA brown cap with whitish fibers at the edge, white gills with ragged edges, and a tough, fibrous stem.

How they differ

Differences between the oyster mushroom and the shiitake
FeatureOyster MushroomShiitake
StemOyster MushroomA short stub, off-center, or none.ShiitakeA distinct tough, fibrous stem, 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm), central or off-center.
GillsOyster MushroomRun down to the stem or the point of attachment.ShiitakeAttached or notched at the stem and ending there, with finely ragged edges.
GrowthOyster MushroomOverlapping shelves on dead hardwood.ShiitakeSingle caps or small groups, usually on cultivated logs or sawdust blocks.
CapOyster MushroomSmooth, fan- or oyster-shaped, white to gray, tan or brown.ShiitakeRound, tan to dark brown, often with whitish fibers near the inrolled edge.
Where found in North AmericaOyster MushroomWild and widespread, and also cultivated.ShiitakeNot native; found where it is cultivated.
Spore printOyster MushroomWhite to pale lilac-gray.ShiitakeWhite.

FAQ

Common questions

Are oyster mushrooms and shiitake the same?

No. Oyster mushrooms are Pleurotus ostreatus and shiitake is Lentinula edodes. Both grow on hardwood, but shiitake has a distinct stem and oyster mushrooms grow as stemless or nearly stemless shelves.

Does shiitake grow wild in North America?

No. It is native to East Asia. In North America it fruits where people grow it, mostly on oak logs and sawdust blocks.

Is every mushroom on a shiitake log a shiitake?

No. Mississippi State University Extension notes that other fungi commonly grow on inoculated shiitake logs and should not be treated as shiitake.

Sources

Where these facts come from

  1. Pleurotus ostreatus

    MushroomExpert.com

  2. Shiitake Production on Hardwood Logs

    Mississippi State University Extension Service

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